One Of The Latest Buzzwords Tourism Essay

One Of The Latest Buzzwords touristry EssayOne of the latest buzzwords that earn m different into general usance in the world of touristry is that of incorporated Resorts. Over the put up dickens decades, a number of large holidaymaker integrate resorts bemuse been true around the world, many of which devour depart exceedingly popular pass refinements. The growth in tourism generated by these co-ordinated resorts has brought signifi brush offt frugal and genial benefits to their respective countries, including step-upd immaterial exchange earnings, drive and confirmative employment. In addition, the resorts hit the books has stimulated topical anesthetic and regional suppuration, encouraging tender topical anesthetic industries and international trade. The success of these incorporate resorts open fire be generally attributed to the adoption of an merged approach to their using, c atomic number 18tirl planning and implementation that took into con at tituderation regional surroundingsal, stinting and socio- pagan factors. This kind of approach helps minimise environmental, socio-stinting and merchandise problems often associated with lawless tourism increment.The culture of integrate resorts has gr have rapidly over the last two decades also as a reaction to the pro lookration of unplanned margin resorts. On the hang on side, many administrations have increasingly turned to co-ordinated resort tuitions in an attempt to improve the well- be of the local race by generating iobs and increasing income, and private investors have seen integrated resorts as a way to maximise their profits, while on the demand side, statistics are non available on the relative proportion of tourer demand for integrated resorts.In the context of globalisation and widening international tourist securities industrys, it is hold that integrated resorts byer great opportunities to visitants for leisure, recreation and sports, but imputable to the trouble in assessing the tincts that whitethorn result from the construction of an integrated resort, as plans for integrated resorts are developed by consultancy iiirms and private investors that rarely publish or divulge their secrets before resort operation, most research has been conducted just now subsequently the construction of integrated resorts.The notion of integrated resorts came into plrominence in Mauritius after the made approval ofthe environmental impact assessment report and construction of Tamarina Golf, health club and Beach Club that is the first integrated resort in Mauritius.1.1 tourism Industrv in MauritiusMauritius has considerable natural advantages as a holiday destination much(prenominal) as beautiful coral beaches, warm clear lagoons, colouriixl reefs, bewitching mountains, a subtropical climate, a southern hemisphere location, an atmosphere that is exotically different, further safe and stable, and great deal who are friendly and welco ming. These Advantages have been exploited with agreeable well run hotels with good amenities, direct and reliable air serve, gamey-octane supporting infrastructure and effective marketing as an up-market whole tone destination. It is so hardly surprising that tourist arrivals have been rising by much(prenominal) than 8 percent a year and the tourism application has become one of the most dynamic fields of the economical system, accounting for 19 per cent of unadulterated export earnings and providing employment directly and indirectly for about 50,000 people.However, in that respect are problems. Average spending per visitor has not been going up as fast as hoped, and there have been some signs of indecent reactions at tourist numbers and doings. Infrastructure constraints have developed in the form of congestion at peak times at the airdrome and inadequate efiluent treatment leading to deterioration in water quality in some of the lagoons_ In the longer term, the re will be more general environmental constraints, in the form of limits to the capacity for bewitching ever increasing numbers of visitors in a small thickly populated domain with a finite length of beaches and a nice coastal ecology. It will be necessary in fixture to plaza a ceiling on the number of tourists in order to comfort the environment and, indeed, the fixture of the tourism industry itself Mauritius has been truly successful in attracting overseas direct investment (FDI) in the 197Os. However there has been a decline in the growth of FDI since the mid-19S0s, particularly in the manufacturing sector. However, FDI growth has started to break down up again since 2005, led by the tourism sector, particularly the Integrated Resort abstract as illustrated to a lower place.Foreign Direct enthronisation by Sector, 2003-20072003 2004 2005 2006 2007(USD million)Export Processing Zone 2.7 8.7 3.6 2.8 2.2Tourism 3.4 4.2 18.2 83.0 144.0Banking 46.0 10.9 15.4 111.0 70.0Tel ecommunications 0 1.3 5 _ 9 1 .4 0. 5Other 16.8 37.8 52.0 30.7 64.3Total 68.9 62.9 95.1 228.9 281.0As illustrated above, tourism has turn out to be a credible alternative source of foreign hard cash earnings. However the soil will not be able to care with a polity of mass tourism which is unsustainable. Also the characteristic of the country, which is a Small Is footing Developing States (SIDS) facing special disadvantages associated with small size, insularity, remoteness and liking to natural disasters, limits the prospect of tourism teaching.Hence since the economy of the country is noblely vulnerable and the totnism industry having reached its carrying capacity, therefore sustainable tourism development is very instrumental. Mauritius has therefore resorted to the rejuvenation of its tourism life cycle, as this is nearing or has reached the stagnation stage, by the development of an alternative luxurious product ben as Integrated Resort, as illustrated below.This go od mix of tourism and significant earth development has been high on political sympathiessagenda and has led to governments interjection in the tourism sector with the twin objective of tourism rejuvenation and FDI increase.1.2 Aims of admitThe development of the tourism industry in Mauritius has been considered as an central economic variegation tool for the nation. Realizing the importance of the tourism industry in the economic development of Mauritius, government has initiated the Integrated Resort Scheme. in that locationfore the aim of this dissertation is generally to conduct an investigation regarding development and impacts of integrated resort in Mauritius.1.3 Objectives of studyThis study purports to investigate the anticipated and current socio-economic and environmental impacts of integrated resorts in the Mauritian context. In particular, this study will aim to hit the spare-time activity objectivesTo investigate the context of integrated resort development and its aims and objectives in the development of Mauritius tourism.To know the criticisms about the initiation of integrated resort in Mauritius.To peg down the affirmative impact of integrated resort in foothold of society, economy and environment of Mauritius.To know the prohibit impact of integrated resorts in terms of society, economy and environment of Mauritius.To recommend guidelines for sustainable integrated resort development and minimizing negative impacts of integrated resort development.This good mix of tourism and accepted country development has been high on governmentsagenda and has led to governments intervention in the tourism sector with the twin objective of tourism rejuvenation and FDI increase.1.2 Aims of studyThe development of the tourism industry in Mauritius has been considered as an important economic diversification tool for the nation. Realizing the importance of the tourism industry in the economic development of Mauritius, government has initiat ed the Integrated Resort Scheme. Therefore the aim of this dissertation is primarily to conduct an investigation regarding development and impacts of integrated resort in Mauritius.1.3 Objectives of studyThis study purports to investigate the anticipated and current socio-economic and environmental impacts of integrated resorts in the Mauritian context. In particular, this study will aim to achieve the following objectives0 To investigate the context of integrated resort development and its aims and objectives in the development of Mauritius tourism.0 To know the criticisms about the initiation of integrated resort in Mauritius.0 To determine the positive impact of integrated resort in terms of society, economy and environment of Mauritius.0 To know the negative impact of integrated resorts in terms of society, economy and environment of Mauritius.0 To recommend guidelines for sustainable integrated resort development and minimising negative impacts of integrated resort development. Chapter 2REVIEW OF LITERATURE2.1 Tourism referMauritius has built its successful up market tourism sector on a fragile and vulnerable natural resource. The growth of the tourist industry in an unplanned manner has led to the following negative impacts exalted volume tourism has made an enormous impact on separate of the coast. There are plenty of examples of virtually every imaginable font of tourism impact on the environment, including the destruction of coastal wetlands and some other small environments, organic pollution and coastal erosion for example. Flic en Flac.0 There are problems associated with monitonng and auditing due to institutional weaknesses. Most casual tourists bring their own equipment and are relatively self-contained, thus bringing in minimal cash into the country while making a large impact on the enviromnent for example tourists from Reunion and other islands of the Indian Ocean. y2.2 Tourism environmental ImpactsThe natural environment is beneath incr easing threat hom unmanaged tender-hearted activities, and in assessing the impacts of tourism, it is essential to adopt a holistic view that recognises both the direct and indirect consequences of tourism activities and their intrinsic link with other sectors (Glenn Kreag 2001). Growth in the tourism sector may generate spic-and-span impacts on the coastal zone but also raise the intensity of existing impacts by placing additional burdens on resources that are already overextended. For this is a feature of human firmness of purpose and not just of tomism. However, where this is exacerbated by a significant increase in the number of visitors and people employed within the industry, the tourism sector must take responsibility for providing solutions to the causes of environmental degradation. The major environmental impacts set and theiR direct consequences on tourism development as well as impacts associated with activities that support the tourism sector are highlighted as* Wat er Resources and River Ecosystem* Estuaries and Wetlands* disfigurement corroding and Sedimentation* Waste Disposal and Pollution* Coastal Erosion* Marine Resources* Recreational act uponivities2.3 Tourism Economic ImpactIn the development world, economic impacts frequently outweigh other considerations when it comes to tourism development. The take on for foreign exchange and the ease by which the industry can be developed relative to other sectors, makes tourism development a national priority (Glenn Kreag 2001), It is therefore important to have a clear chthonianstanding of the tourism industrys economic impacts, particularly because not all of them are positive. These impacts are the essential impacts, employment opportunities, impacts on the exertion force, inflation and the availability of essential resources and over-reliance on tourism.2.4 Classification of ImpactThere are several ways of look at economic impacts. The following classification of impacts reflects the multi-sectoral nature oftourismPrimary Impacts consort up from the inflow of foreign cash as a result of visitor expenditure. They are fairly well recorded by banks and businesses such as airlines, hotels and restaurants. They are relatively easy to measure.Secondary Impacts arise when the currency inflows propagate to other sectors. This happens when the tourism industry passes some of its business on to other businesses, for instance, when an airline company contracts to provide on-board meals. Wages earned by people pertain in sport services also fall into this category. 3rd effects arise when currency flows are not the result of tourist expenditure, but when the practise of tourism led to other opportunities. For instance, a movie maker on holiday in Mauritius may decide to use that country as the venue for his or her next film. Or a tourist may be so enchanted with the sandy beaches and blue lagoons of Mauritius that he or she buys a bungalow.From the above, it can be see n that the total economic impact of tourism is very hard to calculate indeed, but it would be immaterial to commission a thorough analysis of the tourism industry results. For instance, the high percentage of foreign workers in the tourism industry results in fight ending up going to their home countries which reduces the net benefit to the forces Country.2.5 Tourism Social and Cultural ImpactsThe socio-cultural impacts of tourism are basically the consequences of all the development of the tourism industry or the presence of the tourists (and the characteristics of the tourist-host relationship) (Sharpley 1994). The table below contains a comprehensive list of these impacts, following the classification adapted from Pizam Milman (1984), and Burdge (1994). The cordial and cultural impacts of tourism can be vast, and unfortunately many of them are negative. They include0 An intrusion of western culture into the host creation. The angle of inclination is often for local peopl e to try to emulate westem consumerism. In parvenu destinations, local populations are often not aware that many tourists work hard most of the year and then take time off for leisure. Instead, the tourists appear to have a lifestyle that is only enviable and the come-on to mimic them in terms of- dress or personal assets such as watches, sunglasses, etc, is great.0 Value systems may be eroded, particularly in poor areas where tourists can be seen as an chance to make a fast buck. This may lead to theft prostitution, and sometimes violent crimes. local anaesthetic customs are often not respected by tourists who may be unaware or insensitive to them. It is critically important that the government and other role players make tourists aware of such issuesValuable cultural artefacts are olten bought by tourists, and shipwrecks are regularly plundered.The table below salute some of the main impact of tourism on a countryIDIPACTS IDF TOUllISlIPositive NegativeImpacts on populationPopu lation increase(immigration, no emigration)Immigration of seasonal workforce(positive in case of lack of labour negative in case of unemployment)Presence of second home owners(positive if involved in community life negative if not involved)Changes in population distribution (by age, sex, race, ethnicity)Urbanisation of populationChanges in labour market clean jobs Seasonal jobsNew types of jobs in tourism Unskilled jobsIncreased place of knowledge, language Lack of labour in traditional sectorsskillsEconomic diversification Increased economic inequalityStimulation of underdeveloped regions IChanges in community structure, characteristicsIncome from tourism Increase in the number of temporaryresidents(not very committed)Growing importance of service sector i Conflicts with second home ownersStimulation of social, cultural life Difficulties in acquiring real estateIncrease in the value of land Increase in real estate costs sDevelopment of infrastructure Increase in prices, intlati onWider opportunity for shopping Loss tiw overture in the destination image mutation of value systemsIncrease in residents pride in their Religious conflictssettlement l (with second home owners, with tourists)Decrease of prejudices, disappearance of Overdependence on tourismstereotypes, increase in toleranceCongestionTraiiic problemsTransformation of social stratification(owners of totuist resources rise, owners of traditional resources fell)Impacts on individual and family levelIncrease in social mobility i Disruption of social networksp (especially among the young and women)i Improvement in leisure opportunities Changes in the rhythm of life_ Meeting new people, wider social Loss of importance of liiendshipImprovement in the quality of life Increase in perception of danger(due to increased criminality)Language skills XenophobiaIncome hom totuism modify hospitalityImprovement in attitudes toward work, Deviant behaviours (alcoholism,politeness, manners prostitution,I gambling, drug abuse vandalism)Local language suppressedIncreased sexual toleranceTransformation of family structureTransformation of consumer habitsChanges in housing conditionsTransformation of behaviour (demonstration effect)Impacts on cultural and natural resourcesProtection of rare resoufces of Disappearance of local habits, traditionsoutstanding beauty Revival of local arts, crafts, cultLual Commercialisatknl of cultureevents Revival of local architectural traditions Littering, pollution2.6 Conception and Development of Integrated Resort in MauritiusMauritius has during recent years been facing well(p) economic problems owing to the need to comply with free trade agreements and globalisation. This has severely affected sugar and material exports, two major pillars of the natio al economy, and consequently our balance of payment. Despite serious economic problems, Mauritius has succeeded in realising a remarkable economic transformation due to a diversified economy resting on other pillars like pecuniary and business services sector and that of tourism, hospitality and property development. Hence the development of the Integrated Resort Scheme can be seen as an economic strategy.As a national strategy the Mauritian government has come along with the introduction of the IRS under the Investment forwarding Act 2000 through the Investment Promotion (Integrated Resort Scheme) Regulations 2002 in order to boost up foreign direct investment which is a necessary component in the fight to compensate for the decrease in sugar and textile income inflow. This has been a strategic attempt with the twofold objective, firstly to attract more foreign direct investment and secondly to strike a more lucky balance of payment. Hence recently Hospitality and Property Development have emerged, attracting substantial investment fiom both local and foreign investors under Investment Promotion Regulations 2007 which promotes the Real res publica Development Scheme comprising of I RS and RES (Real Estate Scheme) projects which are expected to be implemented in the next a couple of(prenominal) years. The objective of the Integrated Resort Scheme (IRS) is to attract mainly high net-worth non-citizens into Mauritius by allowing them to acquire luxury villas of international standing and at the corresponding time providing high-class amenities and facilities including golf game course, marina, individual swimming pool, catering, oceanic and other sport facilities and health centre within the boundaries of the integrated resort area. The accomplishment of a villa for residential purposes by a foreigner under the Scheme will allow the foreigner his family to reside in Mauritius as long as he holds the property.Whilst the Investment Promotion Act 2000 expresses governments policy-making will to expand the economic sector by creating the Board of Investment, the ancestry Facilitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 stirs business opportunitiestowards IRS projects. The Investment Promotion Act 2000 and Investment Promotion Regulations 2007 provide the legal framework for guidelines with regard to the implementation of these projects.The Finance Act 2007 introduced amendme ts to the following Acts of Parliament in order to regulate the promotion, implementation and marketing of IRS projects in Mauritius0 Investment Promotion Act0 priming (Duties and Taxes) Act0 Morcellement Act0 Non-Citizens (Property Restriction) Act0 readjustment Duty Act Sugar Industry Efiiciency Act 20010 surroundings Protection Act 2002Here under is a list of IRS projects soon being implementedSolares at Flic en Flac, Villas Valriche, Les Villas Telfair, Les Salines, La Balise Marina, Domaine de lHarmonie, Barachois villas and River Club. A a couple of(prenominal) other projects have received their letter of approval recently and upon conformism to conditions laid down they will receive their IRS certificates. In some other cases the Environment Impact Asses sment (EIA) report, which analyses the environmental, biophysical and social impact of a proposed development, is being scrutinised in order to visualise that the proposed development is sustainable.The Integrated Resort Scheme provides for the development of luxury residential units of international standing on freehold land of more than 10 hectares to be sold at a price exceeding USD 500,000 high-class leisure and commercial amenities and facilities intended to enhance the residential units. These may include but not limited to, golf course, marina, nautical and other sport facilities, shopping mall, restaurant and wellness centre.0 day-to-day management services such as security, maintenance, gardening, solid be adrift disposal and household services have to be provided to the residents.0 for a social contribution in terms of social amenities, community development and other facilities for the benefit of the neighbouring community where the IRS project is implemyed/However the following conditions concerning the eligibility for the acquisition of residential property from an IRS Company have to be complied with(a) a non-citizen of Mauritius(b) a citizen of Mauritius(c) a company registered as a foreign company under the Companies Act 2001(d) a company incorporated under the Companies Act 2001(e) a Socit, where its deed of formation is deposited with the Registrar of Companies(l) a trust, where the trusteeship services are provided by a qualified trustee licensed by the Financial Services CommissionIt is instrumental to examine the importance and acknowledgment of the IRS in Mauritius liom a scientific point of view. Integrated resorts initiatives and development can be primarily viewed from the macro-economic perspective of foreign capital inflow (FDI) where as on the other hand they can be explained from the perspective of the market failure concept which has necessitated the rejuvenation process of the resort cycle in Mauritius.The strong linkages of t ourism and IRS with other economic sectors should be the key in realising that tourism and new products are a powerful factor for economic growth and employment. This can clearly be seen by the nature of tourism and permanent residence needs, that is to say, as an industry it calls for goods and services such as transportation, food, fuel, water and electricity, crafts, tour services, entertainment, communication, etc. These linkages have always had a positive economic impact in Mauritius. Of coLuse tourism and HKS development not only benefit the private sectorbut contribute significantly to government revenues in the form of sales, business, corporate, personal, departure and of course, import levies.2.7 The Rationale for Government discourse in Mauritius Tourism SectorContinuing globalization of competition has disposed(p) confirmation to the market-oriented view entertained by the Mauritian government which justifies its intervention in the tourism sector by creating the integ rated resort plan to favour our export oriented strategy. It is believed that markets should be given primacy in the mathematical product and distribution of goods and services while government should provide the proper institutional infrastructure for markets to function properly. In cases of ket failure government should intervene to manufacture any imperfection and intervention is also justified because the more important the sector is to the economy, the greater intervention should be in order to ensure socially compatible objectives that foster sustainable development.The public sector can exercise varying degree of influence over the direction of tourism development by acting on both the demand side and supply side (Akehurst et al, 1994). In Mauritius the demand management policies and the management of its supply side must be seen to go in pair with governments macro-stabilization policy in an attempt to reach a state of equilibrium. Micro policies have to be endorsed to m ake markets function better. Govemmenfs political structure and the functioning of rivate institutions have to go in pair as well, Barriers and rigidities should be removed so that new projects like integrated resort development could function moreefficiently. Without appropriate macro-economic policies market-oriented projects in the tourism sector will have to clamber for survival. Thus the role of government in ensuring a better economic climate is of vital importance to improve returns in the lCOl1IlSII1 Schief financial officerThe Mauritian government had taken actions to correct market failure in the economic and tourism sector by rntroducrng the integrated resort development that is the integrated resort scheme Market failure arises from a stain where the riee market does not guarantee environmental protection and community employment rn development process Since the tourism sector rn Mauritius rs not an integrated